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Cuban intervention in Angola
In November 1975, on the eve of Angola's independence, Cuba launched a large-scale military intervention in support of the leftist People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) against United States-backed interventions by South Africa and Zaire in support of two other liberation movements competing for power in the country, the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).〔George, p. 1〕〔Smith, pp. 66, 71-72〕 By the end of 1975 the Cuban military in Angola numbered more than 25,000 troops.〔(Cuba's African Adventure ) by Clive Foss, History Today, Vol 60, Issue 3, March 2010〕 Following the retreat of Zaire and South Africa, Cuban forces remained in Angola to support the MPLA government against UNITA in the continuing Angolan Civil War.
In 1988, Cuban troops intervened again to avert military disaster in a Soviet-led People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) offensive against UNITA, which was supported by South Africa, leading to the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale and the opening of a second front. This turn of events is considered to have been the major impetus to the success of the ongoing peace talks leading to the New York Accords, the agreement by which Cuban and South African forces withdrew from Angola while South West Africa gained its independence from South Africa.〔George, p. 3〕〔Film ''Une Odyssée Africaine'' (France, 2006, 59 min) directed by: Jihan El Tahri〕〔Gleijeses〕〔Cuito Cuanavale – "Afrikas Stalingrad", Ein Sieg über Pretorias Apartheid" in: ''Neues Deutschland'', April 19/20. 2008〕〔Campbell, Horace: The Military Defeat of the South Africans in Angola in: ''Monthly Review'', April 1989〕 Cuban military engagement in Angola ended in 1991, while the Angolan civil war continued until 2002 (and fighting is still ongoing in the exclave of Cabinda).
==Background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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